Case Study on the Ethical Issues at Enron - 558 Words

Ethical issues at Enron - Deception (Truth Disclosure) there are many instances where the truth was hidden and deception was the goal in order to make more money. The deception within Enron was so thick that even the top Executive believed that they were doing the right thing. They believed their own deceit. Cheating of course is obvious they were hiding money and making or taking from the pot where there wasn’t anything to take due to the future forecasting in the accounting. Side Deals and payoffs were another ethical issues that were blatant throughout the documentary on Enron. Immoral is all I can think of as I watched the documentary from one decision to another more lie and deceit were built to cover other lies and deceit. I really can’t say I can give an example of Amoral or Moral from the documentary at all. One example of Immoral management is the creation of entities in order to hide their financial actions. Stakeholder groups: Financial Institutions - Their stake was in the success of the company. The banks were lied to regarding the true financials of Enron the stock prices were no where near the truth so they were deceived in the successful direction the company was heading when in truth is wasn’t really to successful. Retiree/Employees- 4500 employee lost their jobs, retirees lost their pensions Government - Enron served the public and the government had to handle their mistakes to satisfy the public. Every factor was involved in the collapse of moral atShow MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of Enron And Enron1736 Words   |  7 Pagesused to rank Enron as the most successful business in the United States. The collapse of Enron was shocked the whole world energy trading market. It caused significant losses to investors. In this paper shows analysis reason of factors that lead to Enron demise and also lessons can be learnt from Enron case study. The approach which have used in this paper to respond, the case study question are the background of the case organization and how business structure had been use by the case organizationRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companiesRead MoreThe Downfalls Of Enron, By Han, Henry959 Words   |  4 Pageskey factors or critical issues presented in the case are the downfalls of Enron, which originated out of Houston Texas by Han, Henry(n.d.). He was one of the highest paid Chief Executive Officers in 1999. This organization was aware of the first gas pipeline company that implied known worldwide. The company covers the world’s leading electricity innovations, personnel management, and risk management processes. Also, further studies the company s dramatic failed complex issues that the forced companyRead MoreThe Virtuous Manager1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe Virtuous Manager Enron was the model for rapid growth in the 1990’s but part of the culture and ethics of Enron was disturbing. Falsified documents, cutthroat competitiveness among employees and accounting schemes that hid the truth of the company’s indebtedness were just a few examples of the lack of business ethics within the organization. Perhaps a more virtuous management team could have saved Enron from collapse. Culture of Enron An Indicator of Corruption Enron’s management style wasRead MoreEssay about The Downfall of Enron1734 Words   |  7 PagesEthical behavior, in a general sense, is a definition of moral behavior in regards to lawfulness, societal standards, and things of that nature. In the business world, ethics commonly refer to acceptable and unacceptable business practices within the workplace, and all other related environments. The acceptance of colleges regardless of ethnicity, gender, and beliefs, as well as truthfulness and honesty in relation to finances within the company are examples of ideal ethical business conducts. UnethicalRead MoreTaking a Look at the Enron Scandal1270 Words   |  5 Pagesreal cash flow had not come to the company yet. Moreover, cause when Enron come to the long term contract, they would assumed that there were long term declines in spot prices (Page 6, journal of economics), there would be the risk of loss if there were the increase in the price of gas in the future and it does not recognize in the financial statement; therefore, to make the income statement made more sense in economics term, Enron had created an accounting structure that help the company to stableRead MoreEnron : The Corrupt Corporate Juggernaut1055 Words   |  5 PagesEnron is viewed by many as the quintessential corrupt corporate juggernaut. Corporations are nothing more than a collection of people. If a corporation is corrupt than it must be filled with corrupt employs, and led by a front office devoid of moral standards, right? Perhaps this is not entirely true. Certainly an element of corruption was present in the case of Enron, the number of corrupt employees may not have been as encompassing as presumed. When asked to ra te their level of honesty, most wouldRead MoreEnron Was Formed In 1986 By Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†,1439 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1986 by Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†, n.d). It was an energy and service company based in Houston. â€Å"The early years of Enron were modest, and despite suffering financial woes and tremendous debt for several years, Enron survived.† (Rafraf Haug, 2013). Enron was the 7th largest company on the Fortune 500 in the year 2000 with assets of $65 billion and revenue of over $100 billion (â€Å"Enron: Quality Assurance†, 2016, p 17). Despite of revenues in 2000, Enron filed for bankruptcyRead MoreEssay enrons case956 Words   |  4 Pages(316) Lecturer: Mr. Montaser Tawalbeh Case Study Enron: Were They the Crookedest Guys in the Room? Case Summary Enron has become the classic case on business ethics. Enron formed after the merger of Internorth Incorporated and Houston Natural Gas in 1985. On January 1, 1987, as part of the merger agreement, Ken Lay became the new CEO. In 1990, Ken Lay hired Jeffrey Skilling from McKinsey and Company as the Head of Enron Finance. By 1995, Enron had become the largest independent naturalRead MoreThe Ethical Framework Of Accounting897 Words   |  4 Pages The ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. The financial scandal of Enron and Arthur Anderson demonstrates the failure of fundamental ethical framework, such as off-balance sheet transactions, misrepresentation of financial statements, inaccurate disclosure, manipulations with earnings, etc. The confronted accounting profession and concern for ethics in businesses forced regulators to revise the conceptual framework of accounting processes. This study aims to

Essay on Dubliners Literary Analysis - 1385 Words

Dubliners: Literary Analysis James Joyce wrote Dubliners to portray Dublin at the turn of the early 20th century. In Dubliners, faith and reason are represented using dark images and symbols. James Joyce uses these symbols to show the negative side of Dublin. In â€Å"The Sisters,† â€Å"The Boarding House,† and â€Å"The Dead† dark is expressed in many ways. James Joyce uses the light and dark form of symbolism in his imagination to make his stories come to life. The tale of â€Å"The Sisters† has dark images related to faith. Darkness is shown when the priest, Father Flynn, is lying in his deathbed: When the family went up to the altar, there he lay solemn and copious† (6). This is a grave portrayal, in the look of his eyes and his face. The†¦show more content†¦Later, the narrator has a problem falling asleep in his murky bedroom, because his memory of the priest’s â€Å"grey face† brings nightmares. The boy tries to think of something different, but â€Å"the grey face still followed him† (3). Being dark in the young boy’s room, the boy is scared. The room where the priest lies in his house is black, only lit by a few candles. The candles add gloominess to the room. At the very end of the story, the dark confessional booth is a sign of darkness where the boy can sit and think of past thoughts. The room shows no light. Faith portrays no light to be a dark image. â€Å"The Boarding House† shows emotional faith through light and dark imagery. The emotion felt by each of the characters is freedom with expression. Polly’s tears represent the pain of being rejected, opposed to Mr. Doran’s greed as selfishness. Polly’s in heartache, because Mr. Doran hurts her more than he cares for her. Polly starts to loose faith with Mr. Doran as she would put an end to her life, because she doesn’t feel like living anymore (62). Mr. Doran told her not to worry. In return has â€Å"left her crying on the bed and moaning softly: O my God!† (63). Polly wants to feel accepted. Tears are brought upon the sadness that each character feels. Faith is the reason why one loves another upon the feelings of happiness. â€Å"The Boarding House† shows emotion through light imagery.Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : Dubliners And Larkin s Collection Of Poems2936 Words   |  12 Pages Despite writing in different centuries, both writers explore the aspect of relationships in Joyce’s collection of short stories ‘Dubliners’ and Larkin’s collection of poems ‘The Whitsun Weddings’. Philip Larkin was writing in the 1960s when there was a huge revolution in social norms, such as attitudes towards sex, which is highlighted upon in his poem Wild Oats. In both Dockery and Son and The Boarding house, the writers express an unfulfilling view of love after marriage. Whereas Larkin believedRead MoreEveline1643 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† and â€Å"Eveline† were both written in the year 1914 and â€Å"Eveline† precedes â€Å"Araby† in the larger work. They are both part of Joyce’s larger work Dubliners which is a work of fifteen short stories. This compilation of stories all share the setting of Dublin, Ireland, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The stories inside Dubliners s eem to share more than their setting, in my opinion they share their use of symbolism and imagery. Peter de Voogd says it this way, â€Å"James Joyce wasRead MorePsychological Analysis Of James Augustine Aloysius Joyce s Two Gallants1514 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Analysis and Symbolism in Two Gallants James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on February 2, 1882 to Mary and John Joyce in the Dublin suburb of Rathgar. A bright youth, Joyce attended private Jesuit schools where he excelled despite increasing familial problems, including encroaching poverty and his father’s alcoholism. Joyce, the eldest surviving son of Mary and John, was the only child in the family to attend college (Beja 11-14). Joyce subsided on various jobs after graduatingRead More Literary Analysis Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Author James Joyce has written many short stories which were composed to explain Dublin’s way of life. The book is known to his readers as Dubliners. His short stories have been written to help readers understand the many different feelings that were established in Dublin during a time of crisis. During this time in Dublin many changes were occurring and the city was rebuilding from the tragic potato famine and certainly rebuilding as a country. In three certain storiesRead MoreEssay about Literary Analysis: Clay and The Dead1336 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis: Clay and The Dead In the fifteen Dubliners stories, city life, religion, friends and family bring hope to individuals discovering what it means to be human. Two stories stood out in James Joyce’s Dubliners. One story attempts to mislead readers as it is hard to follow and the other story is the most famous story in the book. In the stories â€Å"Clay† and â€Å"The Dead,† James Joyce uses escape themes to deal with the emotions of the characters, Maria and Gabriel living in the DublinRead MoreChange: The Seed of Evolution2514 Words   |  11 Pageseventually published collection of short stories, Dubliners, confirming the beginning of modern literature. Dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories written by James Joyce depicting a full array of middle-class Irish characters, from childhood figures to adults in public life (â€Å"Dubliners†). â€Å"Each story concerns a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident† (â€Å"Dubliners†). The third story of Dubliners is â€Å"Araby,† starring an unnamed narrator who believesRead MoreThe Fallout After World War 1 And The Great Depression2535 Words   |  11 PagesThe fallout after the World War 1 and the Great Depression saw the emergence of a literary preoccupation with the idea of fragmentation, and a cubist application to literature as a means of representing the 20th Century modern reality. Authors, poets, artists etc saw; cubism, expressionism and fragmentation as the best vehicles to depict the incomplete, broken lives of their subjects. With both modern and post modern literature making a conscious break away from previous realism, 20thC literatureRead More Triangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners1970 Words   |  8 PagesJoyces Dubliners Within the body of literary criticism that surrounds James Joyces Dubliners is a tendency to preclude analysis beyond an Irish level, beyond Joyces own intent to create the uncreated conscience of [his] race. However, in order to place the text within an appropriately expansive context, it seems necessary to examine the implications of the volumes predominant thematic elements within the broader scope of human nature. The psychic drama which places Dubliners within aRead MoreDantean Allegory In Dante And Joyces Inferno973 Words   |  4 PagesThe key to appreciating Joyce’s use of Dantean allegory is found in identifying the relevant Joycean motifs, the recurrent thematic conceits informing his characters and their philosophies. One method of analysis, which highlights the verity and significance of a shared allegory of paralysis in Dante and Joyce, demonstrates the strength of the claim by means of reviewing the weakest possible examples. In this way, one examines individual Joycean images (however much they are repeated throughout theRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Dubliners1668 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of view also allows the author to convey a certain message or belief by allowing for other literary elements such as irony and sympathy . The point of view in literature is one of the central focuses for interpretation. Dubliners, by James Joyce is an outstanding example of how the use of point of view influences how characters and events are interpreted. Joyce writes the first three stories of Dubliners in the first person point of view, the rest are told in there person. Taking a look at a few

Management of Restaurant Circulates †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Management of Restaurant Circulates. Answer: Five amendments in the roster include: Due to a birthday event, Brett will be unavailable on 20th January, Friday. As Kylie has to attend a wedding, she will not be able to work on Saturday, 21st January, Saturday. Madeline has asked for Sunday and Monday as RDOs. As Sam has church every Sunday, he asked asked for Sunday as day off at work. As Tyler has study from Monday to Wednesday, he has not been given any shifts. Due to unavailability, Jessica has been given off on Wednesday and Thursday along with giving her a shift after 6 pm on Saturday due to her dance class. It is essential for the front of house employees of Futura restaurant to be aware of the roster a week before the commencing week. This will help the employees to schedule their other activities accordingly. The management of the restaurant circulates the prepared rosters in two ways among the front of house employees. Firstly, once prepared, the rosters are displayed in the notice board of the staff room. As a result, the staffs are able to view the rosters whenever they access the staff room and throughout the week. Secondly, the rosters are mailed to the staffs. Therefore, the staffs will be able to access the rosters according to their convenience. System of applying specific dates off work Firstly, the staffs need to inform the specific days off the work within the first two days of the previous week. This will be helpful as the rosters are made yet for the next week. Secondly, the staffs are also supposed to drop an email informing the week off along with mentioning the reason for such a request. At certain instances, the staffs have their special requirements due to which they ask for specific dates off the work. There needs to to be a systematic method that the staffs need to follow for requesting specific dates off at work. After preparing the roster for the week 16 January to 22 January 2017, the roster was evaluated to judge the suitability. In order to determine the effectiveness of the roster, the staff feedback was considered. After making the roster, it was seen that the staffs were happy with their allocated shift timings management. This is because the special requirements asked by the staffs were fulfilled while making the roster for the commencing week. As a result, the staffs were happy and gave positive feedback to the managers. Moreover, while making the roster, the peak hours of the restaurant was considered. Keeping in mind the type and way of service, shifts was allocated to experienced and full time workers. This resulted in high quality service for the customers. Thus, positive customer comments were also received from the customers while providing service.

Epic of Beowulf Scandinavian Family Values Essay Example For Students

Epic of Beowulf Scandinavian Family Values Essay Epic Beowulf essays Beowulf Essay: Scandinavian Family Values Building on the style and content of Old Norse Sagas and Icelandic Eddas, the unidentified poet who composed the legend of Beowulfs noble death and adventures, and whose writings have precariously survived the centuries on only one fire-scorched manuscript, focused his attention, and did so eloquently, on the dominant values, bonds and ties of Sixth and Seventh Century Scandinavian society. The warfare, battles and attacks featured throughout this poem, which cannot be truly classified an epic in the Homeric sense, nor really an allegory, reveal a life built on courage, valor, bravery and honor, but also on fealty, love, and respect. Further, Seventh Century Nordic Society seems to have revolved around an admixture of superstition, Old Testamentary Law vaguely reflected in the exploits of Hrothgar and Beowulf, and vengeance. Beowulf, son of Scyld, the tribal leader of the Geats perishes three-fourths of the way through this saga, but not before the rise and exploits of the Danes, and of his tribe, are explored in detail. The invention of primeval enemies, such as the Dragon Grendel, is central to providing a backdrop for a dazzling array of battles and confrontations. The acquisition of wealth (gold, jewels and tribute) is also a contrived causa belli and highlights the motives, heroic exploits and adventures of these early Scandinavian Tribes which either disappeared mysteriously into the mists of history, or ultimately migrated to Scotland and England. Interlinked with this ethic of violence and glory are the bonds which Beowulfs and Hrothgars followers consider most highly cherished. These ties are specifically those of king and subject, tribe and members, as well as parents and children. The loyalty and love which these people display are authentic and timeless values which represent the closest of bonds and remain strong during time of war, tragedy and danger. Emotions are powerfully rendered, including hatred of enemy peoples and monsters, portrayed realistically in third-person narrative style, as in Chapter 10, The Fight with Grendel. Terminology used throughout the poem is largely militant and war-like. Such phrases as breast-plate, armor, and fighting-men, among others, are used liberally. A mood of ominous expectation is thus built, bringing into focus the qualities, bonds, and ties typifying the entirety of Beowulf. The heroism, tribal loyalty and high emotion of this serious, tragic, but spell-binding story, create the fabric of the classic Anglo-Saxon work that this oldest of English-language legends has become. .

To Kill a Mockingbird Journal Two Chapters 11-20 Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird Journal Two : Chapters 11-20 By: Saima Vedachhia "Who beat you up? Tom Robinson or your father ?"( Page 251). This is what Atticus question nineteen-year-old Mayella Ewell in court on the day of the trail. In my opinion, Mayella commits a very sinful act by laying false charges against Tom Robinson. The truth was that Bob Ewell had beat and raped his own daughter, Mayella Ewell. The Ewell's are known to be a very disgraceful, lazy and no educat ed family and have almost no reputation in Maycomb. Mayella accuses Tom Robinson of beating her up, raping her and taking advantage of her. But I feel that Mayella is actually the one taking advantage of Tom since he is a person of colour. In court, Mayella is asked a series of questions by both the lawyers, but it seems that all of her answers are similar everything her father says. It almost seems that she was forced to say what her father told her to say or she would have to face the consequences . When she is asked questions about her fath er, she hesitates and looks at her father before answering the question. This is a sign of lying under oath. This can help us understand how Bob Ewell keeps Mayella under his control and makes her do whatever he wants. When Mayella is asked about the incident, she says that she had called over Tom Robinson to help her break an old dresser. Tom was a nice guy and never did anything to Ewell's but Mayella decided to blame him for her father's actions. Although Mayella tries her best not to give any hint of her father beating her, she gets trapped in one of Atticus's questions. Atticus asks Mayella if her father treats her with love and she replies "He does tollable (tolerable), cept when -" ( Page 245) and then stops. Atticus later points out that she was trying to say he is okay except when he is drunk. The words almost slipped out of Mayella's mouth, but she quickly stops herself before she gets herself into any more trouble with her father. M ayella is simply afraid of facing her father face to face and as follow blames his actions on an innocent person. Mayella had bruises on the right side of her face, which shows that someone who is left-handed is more likely to hit that side. Bob Ewell is left-handed, and Tom Robinson does not even have a left hand, in this case, it is obvious that it was Bob is the one that beat Mayella , not Tom. Mayella's statement constantly changes and this is another sign that proves that Tom didn't commit the crime. Mayella seems desperately immature for a nineteen-year-old and her whiny attitude suggest that she just wants to try to gain pity as a rape victim. Mayella Ewell is simply lying under oath because she doesn't want her father to be guilty. It is very sad and shameful that she takes advantage of an innocent person because she knows that he is unable to do anything about it because he's a man of colour. Tom did not do anything wrong to Mayella , instead, he w as trying to help her. Therefore, Mayella's actions and Atticus points prove that it was Bob Ewell who had committed the crime, not Tom Robinson. Bob Ewell is a cruelly a racist man, makes various racial comments during the trial. This makes it clear as to why he would accuse Tom of his own wrong-doings. Although Mayella being abused, lonely and unhappy is quite pitiful, we cannot overlook and cannot pardon her for her shameful charges over Tom Robinson. This makes really disappointed because in Maycomb it's mixed, but the blacks and whites don't live near each other. But they can oversee that the fact a black m an word can dishonest a white man's word.

Brigadier General Albion P. Howe - American Civil War

Brigadier General Albion P. Howe - American Civil War Albion P. Howe - Early Life Career: A native of Standish, ME, Albion Parris Howe was born March 13, 1818.   Educated locally, he later decided to pursue a military career.   Obtaining an appointment to West Point in 1837, Howes classmates included Horatio Wright, Nathaniel Lyon, John F. Reynolds, and Don Carlos Buell.   Graduating in 1841, he ranked eighth in a class of fifty-two and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th US Artillery.   Assigned to the Canadian frontier, Howe remained with the regiment for two years until returning to West Point to teach mathematics in 1843.   Rejoining the 4th Artillery in June 1846, he was posted to Fortress Monroe before sailing for service in the Mexican-American War. Albion P. Howe - Mexican-American War: Serving in Major General Winfield Scotts army, Howe took part in the siege of Veracruz in March 1847.   As American forces moved inland, he again saw combat a month later at Cerro Gordo.   Late that summer, Howe earned praise for his performance at the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco and received a brevet promotion to captain.   In September, his guns aided in the American victory at Molino del Rey before supporting the assault on Chapultepec.   With the fall of Mexico City and end of the conflict, Howe returned north and spent much of the next seven years in garrison duty at various coastal forts.   Promoted to captain on March 2, 1855, he moved to the frontier with a posting to Fort Leavenworth.    Active against the Sioux, Howe saw combat at the Blue Water that September.   A year later, he participated in operations to quell the unrest between pro- and anti-slavery factions in Kansas.   Ordered east in 1856, Howe arrived at Fortress Monroe for duty with the Artillery School.   In October 1859, he accompanied Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee to Harpers Ferry, VA to assist in ending John Browns raid on the federal arsenal.   Concluding this mission, Howe briefly resumed his position at Fortress Monroe before departing for Fort Randall in the Dakota Territory in 1860. Albion P. Howe - The Civil War Begins: With the beginning of the Civil War in April 1861, Howe came east and initially joined Major General George B. McClellans forces in western Virginia.   In December, he received orders to serve in the defenses of Washington, DC.   Placed in command of a force of light artillery, Howe traveled south the following spring with the Army of the Potomac to take part in McClellans Peninsula Campaign.   In this role during the siege of Yorktown and Battle of Williamsburg, he received a promotion to brigadier general on June 11, 1862.   Assuming command of an infantry brigade late that month, Howe led it during the Seven Days Battles.   Performing well at the Battle of Malvern Hill, he earned a brevet promotion to major in the regular army.    Albion P. Howe - Army of the Potomac: With the failure of the campaign on the Peninsula, Howe and his brigade moved north to participate in the Maryland Campaign against Lees Army of Northern Virginia.   This saw it take part in the Battle of South Mountain on September 14 and fulfill a reserve role at the Battle of Antietam three days later.   Following the battle, Howe benefited from a reorganization of the army which resulted in him assuming command of the Second Division of Major General William F. Baldy Smiths VI Corps.   Leading his new division at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, his men remained largely idle as they were again held in reserve.   The following May, VI Corps, now commanded by Major General John Sedgwick, was left at Fredericksburg when Major General Joseph Hooker commenced his Chancellorsville Campaign.   Attacking at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg on May 3, Howes division saw heavy fighting.         Ã‚            With the failure of Hookers campaign, the Army of the Potomac moved north in pursuit of Lee.   Only lightly engaged during the march to Pennsylvania, Howes command was the last Union division to reach the Battle of Gettysburg.   Arriving late on July 2, his two brigades were separated with one anchoring the extreme right of the Union line on Wolf Hill and the other at the extreme left to the west of Big Round Top.   Effectively left without a command, Howe played a minimal role in the final day of the battle.   Following the Union victory, Howes men engaged Confederate forces at Funkstown, MD on July 10.   That November, Howe earned distinction when his division played a key role in the Union success at  Rappahannock Station during the Bristoe Campaign.          Albion P. Howe - Later Career: After leading his division during the Mine Run Campaign in late 1863, Howe was removed from command in early 1864 and replaced with Brigadier General George W. Getty.   His relief stemmed from an increasingly contentious relationship with Sedgwick as well as his persistent support of Hooker in several controversies relating to Chancellorsville.   Placed in charge of the Office of Inspector of Artillery in Washington, Howe remained there until July 1864 when he briefly returned to the field.   Based at Harpers Ferry, he aided in attempting to block Lieutenant General Jubal A. Earlys raid on Washington.    In April 1865, Howe took part in the honor guard that watched over the body of President Abraham Lincoln after his assassination.   In the weeks that followed, he served on the military commission that tried the conspirators in the assassination plot.   With the end of the war, Howe held a seat on a variety of boards before taking command of Fort Washington in 1868.   He later oversaw the garrisons at the Presidio, Fort McHenry, and Fort Adams before retiring with the regular army rank of colonel on June 30, 1882.   Retiring to Massachusetts, Howe died at Cambridge on January 25, 1897 and was buried in the towns Mount Auburn Cemetery. Selected Sources Find A Grave: Albion P. HoweOfficial Records: Howes Division at GettysburgAlbion P. Howe

Tolkien's On Fairy Stories and the Hobbit Essay

Tolkien's On Fairy Stories and the Hobbit - Essay Example In Tolkien’s, â€Å"On Fairy Stories,† he discusses the definition of â€Å"fairy-story.† He references the definition of the Oxford English Dictionary on â€Å"fairy-tale† as (1) a fairy legend, (2) an incredible story or unreal story, (c) a falsehood. Tolkien disagrees with all of the three definitions and describes his own definition. Tolkien argues that the term â€Å"Faà «rie† lacks definition. He says "Faà «rie cannot be caught in a net of words; It has many ingredients, but analysis will not necessarily discover the secret of the whole†. In Tolkien's essay, he says that he does not take beast-fables as fairy stories. He argues that these are stories "which no human being is concerned; or in which the animals are the heroes and heroines". However, he states that animals being able to speak have a venue in fairy stories since it gets from the desire for humans to communicate with other living beings. Since Tolkien believes an important operation of Faerie is "the satisfaction of certain primordial human desires," it makes a lot of sense that he included this into his fairy story. In The Hobbit, Bilbo communicates with the spiders, eagles, and Roà ¤c the raven. Gandalf understands the language of the Wargs although no one in the party can, and the dwarves understand the language of the ravens and crows. Some aspects of fairy-stories are in the plot of Tolkien’s The Hobbit. In â€Å"On Fairy-Stories†, â€Å"Faà «rie contains many things besides elves and fays, and besides dwarfs, witches, trolls, giants, or dragons: it holds the seas, the sun, the moon, the sky; and the earth, and all things that are in it: tree and bird, water and stone, wine and bread, and ourselves, mortal men, when we are enchanted†. Reading the story of The Hobbit, various imagery of nature, and the creatures and characters that dwell in it have been described in detail.